She also seemed to flatter ones that were less dominant. After its publication in 1922 the score's authenticity was widely questioned, and performances of the opera remained rare during the next 30 years. Answer: Here is the section in the Odyssey: “She (Penelope) set up a great tambour frame in her room, and began to work on an enormous piece of fine needlework. if Boylan will send her a love letter. Question: When Penelope doesn’t give up weaving and weaves all day and undoes it all night, does that convey the message that you should never give up, or does it convey that you must at one point give in to the inevitable, because you can’t go on like this forever? Clytemnestra became queen of Mycenae by marrying Tantalus. She maintains her household in spite of their rampage. The wooers were hoping she would choose one of them. She must have been quite a girl to have so fetched the heart of Odysseus. [37] Publication was followed by the first modern performance of the opera, in an edition by Vincent d'Indy, in Paris on 16 May 1925. [56] Penelope begins her lament with a reiteration of E flats that, according to Ringer, "suggest a sense of motionless and emotional stasis" that well represents her condition as the opera begins. [12] The libretto was written with the express purpose of tempting Monteverdi to enter the world of Venetian opera, and it evidently captured the elderly composer's imagination. See the following: Click Here. Where does her power lie in Ithaca? become wild and good-looking like Molly used to be. Answer: She keeps her suitors competing with each other rather than allowing them to unite. If he is not already dead, they would do well to kill him. Question: Did Penelope suffer more than Odysseus? So her birth might have been about 1214 BCE. Homer was constrained to tell the truth, not to manipulate characters according to his own design. Penelope's lament, which opens Act I, is reminiscent both of Orfeo's Redentemi il mio ben and the lament from L'Arianna. Because of our distance it is hard for us to tell the difference. "[n 23], Il ritorno was first staged during the 1639–40 Venice carnival by the theatrical company of Manelli and Ferrari, who had first brought opera to Venice. [65] More than thirty years after his first issue, Harnoncourt's 2002 version, with Zurich Opera, was recorded live in DVD format. Answer: Penelope bent social convention to get her way. It is said that Odysseus did this. to plead for Bloom’s job back after he was fired—Cuffe stared at Answer: Click on the links above to see the pictures. Why does she call herself “a stick used to beat other women with? The Trojan war did not start until about 1186 BCE. To death, to havoc, to ruin! The first of Molly’s eight giant “sentences” that comprise Nay, it is plain what spirit ye are of, and your unseemly deeds are manifest to all, nor is there any gratitude left for kindness done.’, And she says, “For erewhile I lost my noble lord of the lion heart, adorned with all perfection among the Danaans, my good lord, whose fame is noised abroad from Hellas to mid Argos.”, Then she refers to Odysseus as, “…god-like Odysseus.”. words are chosen according to a traditional scheme. SparkNotes is brought to you by Barnes & Noble. Answer: I do not think so. It seems as though Penelope is freer to choose her mate than Jocasta, but this may not be the case. So far there has been no archeological identification made, but this is still possible. Why does penelope say that she “sounds like an owl” when she tries to warn other women? Answer: Penelope forms the goal of Odysseus but you should remember that the Odyssey is not a work of fiction. Question: How does Penelope deal with the male warrior-culture in Greek society and retributive justice? [13] Ringer reinforces this, writing that "Monteverdi boldly reshaped Badoaro's writing into a coherent and supremely effective foundation for a music drama", adding that Badoaro claimed that he could no longer recognise the work as his own. The BBC introduced the opera to British listeners with a radio broadcast on 16 January 1928, again using the d'Indy edition. And if Agamemnon was to remain king he would have to keep Clytemnestra happy because of the matrilinial nature of his kingship. In book XVIII Penelope states,”But I have a bitter humiliation of to bear, Your way of wooing a wife was never seen before. [25] As with Orfeo and Poppea, Monteverdi differentiates musically between humans and gods, with the latter singing music which is usually more profusely melodic—although in Il ritorno, most of the human characters have some opportunity for lyrical expression. If they were valued for sex then they were used for sex. [5] At first, Monteverdi remained aloof from these activities, perhaps on account of his age (he was over 70), or perhaps through the dignity of his office as maestro di capella at St. Mark's. The two sing passionately of their love for each other ("You are my sweet life"). does she differ from her male counter parts physically, mentally and socially? This view is supported by a study of the performance schedules for other Venice operas, and by the knowledge that the Manelli company had severed its connection with the Teatro Cassiano before the 1639–40 season. Tyndareus was grateful that Helen’s suitors did not organize against him. The son of Odysseus by Circe, Telegonos, searched for his father and killed Odysseus by accident. Eumete is overjoyed: "My long sorrow will fall, vanquished by you. Answer: Circe is a goddess while Penelope was a mortal. The classical Greeks pictured her in peplos or chiton, but archeology suggests an outfit more like the Minoans. what was the purpose? Now some men prefer a sinful woman and so the marriage may have been good because Penelope liked to sin in a way that Odysseus liked. [13], The music of Il ritorno shows the unmistakable influence of the composer's earlier works. Two women who did evil things are Medea and Clytemnestra. Why does Penelope consider storytelling “A low Art”? [11] Il ritorno was his first libretto; he would later, in 1644, write another Ulysses-based libretto for Francesco Sacrati. Penelope regained her husband while Andromache lost hers. "[n 18]), a challenge he accepts and wins. Penelope may have been 13 at that time as this was the normal marriage for women. what do you think of odysseus? They must have loved each other deeply for Odysseus to choose this option. The following are the main published editions of the work, to 2010. Beginning with this I hewed out my bed, till I had finished it, [200] inlaying it with gold and silver and ivory, and I stretched on it a thong of ox-hide, bright with purple.”. It is to Penelope’s credit that this never happens. The most interesting aspect of the couples that you list is what system was used to determine compatibility in each case and did it work. Answer: The reality of Penelope is quite blurred by the fact that she lived over 3250 years ago and that the only stories about her were written down at least 250 years after the author of the story lived. Fiamma e l'ira, o gran dea, foco è lo sdegno! Answer: There are many quotes from Penelope in the Odyssey. Question: What does Penelope show as she unravels the shroud she waved? "[n 12] After Iro is chased away, Ulisse enters disguised as a beggar, and assures Eumete that his master the king is alive, and will return. What she did was to declare that that she wanted to finish weaving the death shroud for her father-in-law so he would be buried properly when he died. In her sixth sentence, Molly’s mind wanders from her Monteverdi’s opera, Il Ritorno d’Ulisse in Patria, produced at Venice in 1640. She got them to compete with one another in various ways. In the classical period there were no queens. Answer: With Odysseus away Penelope is in charge. 6. Because of this Odysseus was able to kill them and return to being king. Question: What is penelope weaving during the absence of Odysseus? [14], The Monteverdi scholar Ellen Rosand has identified 12 versions of the published libretto that have been discovered in the years since the first performance. A letter written by Ovid can be found at: Click here. [29] Circe and Calypso are tempters that promise anonymity for Odysseus, but Penelope promises fulfillment. Penelope is a heroine and Clytemnestra is a murderer. It has since been performed in opera houses all over the world, and has been recorded many times. But Odysseus gained little by marrying Penelope. Why does she point this out? By returning to Penelope Odysseus would claim his eternal fame as a hero. And she sent it to the house of divine Odysseus, [800] to Penelope in the midst of her wailing and lamenting, to bid her cease from weeping and tearful lamentation.” Homer, Odyssey 4.795. Answer: Neither. Odyssey: A Journey Back Home (1997), VHS. Answer: In the heroic time of ancient Mycenae when Penelope was queen, her assistant would be a slave. The war lasted ten years and Odysseus did not return for ten years after that. In her third sentence, Molly ponders beautiful female What would she wear? Question: how did Penelope change from the begining of the story to the end of it. Answer: Calypso says of Penelope: “…I am no whit less tall or well-looking than she is…” (Odyssey, Book V). Question: I am trying to find the letter that Penelope wrote to Odysseus, Answer: Homer does not mention such a letter. Leppard's third Glyndebourne version was issued in 1980, when the orchestration with strings and brass drew critical comment from Denis Arnold in his Gramophone review: "Too much of the music left with a simple basso continuo line in the original has been fully orchestrated with strings and brass, with the result that the expressive movement between recitative, arioso and aria is obscured." Penelope was at home while Odysseus was at Troy during the time of the Iliad. If you could help me and explain more about it I would really appreciate it! Question: Do you have a picture of Laertes? Answer: These represent the way the Greeks would have imaged him: Question: Why do you compare Penelope to Hillary Clinton? A new look at this classic tale of faith, courage, patience & family unity. 3. Forza d'occulto affetto raddolcisce il tuo petto. Question: What impact does Penelope have on Odysseus? Such as if her part in the story is also used for plots in movies or television shows or if she is used as an inspiration for art, plays, books, etc. [52] Penelope and Ulisse, with what is described by Ringer as "honest musical and verbal declamation", overcome the suitors whose styles are "exaggerated and ornamental". She lived at a time when customs were different from what they are today. There is no reason to believe that Odysseus and Penelope lived happily ever after. Answer: Telemachus was the son of Odysseus and Penelope. She is again dismissive the house at night now—it was Bloom’s idea to send Milly to Mullingar Question: Can you please share the detailed description of Penelope and Odysseus’ marriage bed? Which aspect or metaphor would you develop? How does Penelope’s portrayal deffers from the traditional portrayal of Odysseus? She did not begin her life in this way though. Why didn’t she fall in love with another suitor? So Penelope is nearly as tall and as beautiful as a goddess. Answer: In ancient Greece activities were divided by sex and weaving was a task performed by women. Gibraltar girlhood to Milly. But never did he do aught at all presumptuously to any man. Why does Penelope consider storytelling a low art? Can you explain why? [20] Apart from the stylistic differences between Il ritorno and Monteverdi's other surviving late opera, L'incoronazione di Poppea, the main issue which raised doubts was the series of discrepancies between the score and the libretto. Molly’s thoughts turn briefly to the world of concert singing, annoyingly girlish Dublin singers, and Bloom’s help with her career. mother, Molly guesses that she could have been a stage star if she Answer: Calypso symbolized oblivion. You know this compatibility is important so who is the better judge, the couple or their parents? But Penelope interfered with their organization. Do you think the story is colored by the biases of the storyteller? get lucrative work in an office. Penelope was a beautiful woman. What she finally agreed to was a contest involving her husband’s bow. The story, taken from the second half of Homer's Odyssey,[n 1] tells how constancy and virtue are ultimately rewarded, treachery and deception overcome. I really need to know what the assistant to the queen would be like. Molly’s fifth sentence begins with her recollection of Does this suggest that a female in ancient society can accomplish more by being emotional? In fact this is basis of justice. Question: How is Penelope a hero and what are the characteristics? But one wonders why there would have been such a race if there was no kingdom to win. She was intelligent and obviously a talented weaver. [38] The Italian composer Luigi Dallapiccola prepared his own edition, which was performed in Florence in 1942, and Ernst Krenek's version was shown in Wuppertal, Germany, in 1959. He was allowed to marry Penelope at that time as a result of his assistance in providing a husband for Helen in a safe way. Phone: +356 995 59808. Question: What is Homer attempting tosay through the character? It is interesting how she uses feminine wiles to accomplish this. She could have been disgusted with her as her steward was, but instead she felt Helen had been a victim of the deities whims and not responsible. Answer: Yes. Penelope’s actions are often taken as a model of feminine behavior. Thinking of Josie and Denis Breen’s marriage, Molly thinks of how Milly sent Why does she point this out? He wrote several ballets and, for the Venice carnival of 1624–25, Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda ("The Battle of Tancred and Clorinda"), a hybrid work with some characteristics of ballet, opera and oratorio. He has proved himself to be worth the attentions of humanity for over 3000 years. lovemaking techniques. Her main weakness was that she cried a lot while her husband was gone. tea. Answer: Penelope is not a hero, rather she is a heroine. Question: How is Penelope different from the role of women in Ancient Greek to me? Those who would win a woman of rank and wealth, vie with one another in offering herds of cattle and flocks of sheep, and feasting the lady’s friends , and heaping gifts one her; they do not devour the wealth of another without compensation..” She explains the custom here. Question: In what ways does Penelope take part in the development of Odysseus’ character? Answer: She was loyal and devoted, and she knew how to put a man to the test. [23] In the view of conductor and instrumentalist Sergio Vartolo, these findings establish Monteverdi as the principal composer "beyond a shadow of a doubt". Answer: Both stood by their husbands in spite of their wanderings. But remember that the work is not a fiction under the author’s control, rather it is a spiritual truth about universal values. The Italian musicologist Giacomo Benvenuti maintained, on the basis of a 1942 performance in Milan, that the work was simply not good enough to be by Monteverdi. Does the way Homer represents her in the poem tell us anything about Odysseus and the other males involved in her production as a character and person? Thus, she was the cousin of Helen and Clytemnestra. [63] Raymond Leppard's 1972 Glyndebourne version was recorded in a concert performance in the Royal Albert Hall; the following year the same Glyndebourne cast was recorded in a full stage performance. Monteverdi was an established court composer in the service of Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga in Mantua when he wrote his first operas, L'Orfeo and L'Arianna, in the years 1606–08. Her ability to remain feminine and still accomplish her goals is what most people find admirable. please notice me. Rosand believes that rather than casting doubts on Monteverdi's authorship, the significant differences between the score and the libretto might lend support to it, since Monteverdi was well known for his adaptations of the texts presented to him. If a man could string the bow and shoot an arrow through the holes in ax heads that had been lined up she would marry the man. She was the daughter of Icarius of Sparta, brother of Tyndareus. The second ten years was harder because Odysseus was hidden on the Island of Ogygia and everyone thought he was probably drowned. Where can I find the information on that piece? Question: does Penelope have a specific role in the Odyssey? Question: Why was Penelope an exceptional Greek women?Thanks. The Phaecians are punished by the gods who turn them and their ship to stone. Penelope Gallery. But her skill is often overlooked. The texts are all generally the same in each case, and all differ from the one surviving copy of Monteverdi's musical score, which has three acts instead of five, a different prologue, a different ending, and many scenes and passages either omitted or rearranged. Homer was able to make changes in how the story was told and to emphasize one thing over another. who kissed her in church; Lt. Gardner, who died of fever in the Will you make peace between these two parties.” Then Zeus replies, “But I will tell you what seems like the right thing. The matrilineal system can be seen with Clytemnestra as well. her first love letter—from Lieutenant Mulvey, whom she kissed under Question: the treatment of women in Ancient Literature — How is Penelope treated by society in the Odyssey? I have to portray two sweet women and two evil could you tell me more about Penelope and why she was so great. the rhythm and rhyme is chosen according to a traditional scheme. He would then take care of her and kill Odysseus if he returned. Answer: You really need to look at the original Greek to see what word is being translated. By whom? PENELOPE, Film by Ben Ferris; The Penelopiad: The Myth of Penelope and Odysseus, by Margaret Atwood ; Question: How is Penelope a hero and what are the characteristics? As long as she entertains the suitors then they will stick to the customs of a guest and she will remain the host in charge. We do not understand this. How old would she be? Question: How would you compare and contrast Penelope and Calypso? [3][n 2], In 1637 fully-fledged opera came to Venice with the opening of the Teatro San Cassiano. [20] The first complete recording was that of Nikolaus Harnoncourt and Concentus Musicus Wien in 1971. If Odysseus had died Penelope could have easily found another husband. See them above. Donata un giorno, o dei, contento a' desir miei, Come, oh come mal si salva un regio amante, Pastor d'armenti può prati e boschi lodar, Oh gran figlio d'Ulisse! She manipulated the wooers by claiming to be weaving a shroud for the father of Odysseus, Laertes. The four scenes that we wish to reproduce are Odysseus’ Departure, Penelope’s Wait, The Suitors, and The Contest. why this episode or situation? Her husband was the king of the realm she was identified with. This was a cloth covering for his body after he died for use during his funeral. 4. "[n 17] Eumete's message is overheard by the suitors, who plot to kill Telemaco. But she keeps them disorganized and ineffective. Homer embellished the older stories with his current observations. Would she be considered a slave? The spirit of human frailty (l'humana Fragilità) is mocked in turn by the gods of time (il Tempo), fortune (la Fortuna) and love (l'Amore). What is the comparison and contrast between Penelope in The Odysseus and Lysistrata in Lysistrata. [12][13] Badoaro and Monteverdi used a classical story to illustrate the human condition of their own times. Answer: Homer makes little reference to Penelope but he does have Agamemnon say: “Not that your wife, Odysseus, is likely to murder you, for Penelope is a very admirable woman, and has an excellent nature.” (Odysseus, Book XI). La donna insomma haun cor di sasso, Sono l'altre regine coronate di servi e tu d'amanti, "Ballet of the Moors", music missing from score, Perir non può chi tien per scorta il cielo. [22] Finally, a 1640 booklet entitled Le Glorie della Musica indicates the Badoaro-Monteverdi pairing as the creators of the opera. Back to breasts, she Bloom has asked her to serve him breakfast in bed. She had to test each claimaint carefully. And she could not afford to recognize an imposter. Please give us some ideas as to objects that would represent her and her life that could be included into these tapestries. [34] In terms of its staging Il ritorno is, says Carter, fairly undemanding, requiring three basic sets—a palace, a seascape and a woodland scene—which were more or less standard for early Venetian opera. This was a custom of the day. This reflected the financial motives of the merchant princes who were sponsoring the opera houses—they demanded commercial as well as artistic success, and wanted to minimise costs. Molly ponders her close but tense relationship with Milly, who has She made a phantom, and likened it in form to a woman, Iphthime, daughter of great-hearted Icarius, whom Eumelus wedded, whose home was in Pherae. It is interesting to note that even Odysseus was put to the test. If she tried to throw them out they might organize and force her to do their will. He is very rich, and the women of the place will talk if he is laid out without a pall.’, This was what she said, and we assented; whereon we could see her working on her great web all day long, but at night she would unpick the stitches again by torchlight. This work was received with great enthusiasm, as was the same pair's La Maga fulminata the following year. 4. Answer: The Odyssey is a poem, full of metaphor. resorted to writing herself letters. [5] The theatre's inaugural performance, on 6 March 1637, was L'Andromeda by Francesco Manelli and Benedetto Ferrari. Question: Where can I fin information about Laertes-Odyssey”s father. describes ancient heroes and their adventures. 9. Please help me. After its initial successful run in Venice the opera was performed in Bologna before returning to Venice for the 1640–41 season. "[50] A few years later, Jeremy Noble in a Gramophone review wrote that Il ritorno was the least known and least performed of Monteverdi's operas, "quite frankly, because its music is not so consistently full of character and imagination as that of Orfeo or Poppea. Any of the suitors could have taken the law into his own hands and done what he wished but Penelope is able keep the suitors separate and responsible to the custom of the time, her best approximation of law. These women became servants in the warrior’s home. Now it is a truism to say a married couple get along because they are compatible. Actually, no one would have stood up to Odysseus. Andromache became a spoil of Troy, but her second husband did not last long. had not married Bloom. Answer: Penelope and Helen were both queens. The first ten years was not so hard because there was news from Troy and Odysseus was always par of it. What does she have to say about the “official version” of what happened? Question: Can you apply Odysseus’ idea of a good marriage (that the man and woman have minds in deep accord) to compare the marriage of Odysseus and Penelope, Menelaus and Helen, Alcinous and Arete, and Agamemnon and Clytemnestra? Question: What ruse did the Greeks use to destroy Troy ? [24] Although parts of the music may be by other hands, there is no doubt that the work is substantially Monteverdi's and remains close to his original conception. Question: What is Penelope’s power and what is Circe’s Power. Question: Do you think that Penelope recognized Odysseus before Book 23? She bore only one son, Telemachus, to Odysseus. She is not a heroine in the same sense as Odysseus, but she is a heroine in her own way. Her third husband provided more satisfaction than either of the first two. There was no familial love here. [13][30] From markings in the extant score, it is likely that the first Venice performances were in five acts, the three-act form being introduced either in Bologna or in the second Venice season. Then what they wanted was for her to make a decision as to who she favored. Penelope was the wife of Odysseus who waited over twenty years for. In our culture today, infidelity rate amongst women are high not just because they can or they were sexually tempted but i guess because they are now more emotionally and morally vulnerable and lack self control. [13] However, much of the uncertainty concerning the attribution was resolved through the discovery of contemporary documents, all confirming Monteverdi's role as the composer. Does this story change the way you look at the Literature and History? Question: Why does Penelope entertain the suitors so long and fail to recognize Odysseus when he returns? For his part her father-in-law remained alive. [25], The work is written for a large cast—thirty roles including small choruses of heavenly beings, sirens and Phaecians—but these parts can be organised among fourteen singers (three sopranos, two mezzo-sopranos, one alto, six tenors and two basses) by appropriate doubling of roles. Penelope did not want to give up on him because the options for her were not that good if he died. Howsoever, it was the god that set her upon this shameful deed; nor ever, ere that, did she lay up in her heart the thought of this folly, a bitter folly, whence on us too first came sorrow.” (Odyssey, Book XXIII). Question: What are some characteristics of an epic? I have one question? He might do this so the kingdom would not fall into the hands of some non-relative. her only a card this morning and Bloom a whole letter. Rather she operated through careful manipulation of her situation. Odysseus found out about Penelope when he went to woo Helen. Il ritorno has been described as an "ugly duckling", and conversely as the most tender and moving of Monteverdi's surviving operas, one which although it might disappoint initially, will on subsequent hearings reveal a vocal style of extraordinary eloquence. Molly’s fourth sentence begins with a train whistle. His deeds are still admired. Through her scheming she also manages to maintain his home against the demands of the wooers. In particular her son would have been deprived of any inheritance and might have been killed had he had to deal with a step-father. Question: Can I have more information on Penelope goddess of fate? The point of this last act was that the wooers were a small army of able men who easily could have exerted control over Penelope and her family any time they organized and took control. [33] The Teatro SS Giovanni e Paolo, owned by the Grimani family, would also be the venue for the premières of Monteverdi's Le nozze d'Enea and Poppea. How much ancient history do you think is based in fact and how much an gossip and exaggerations? By using a variety of musical styles, Monteverdi is able to express the feelings and emotions of a great range of characters, divine and human, through their music. Of course her beauty also helps to attract the suitors. What were her features and characteristics like? Answer: Penelope becomes the life goal of Odysseus. Answer: Her steward Eumaeus had the following opinion of Helen: “But he hath perished, as I would that all the stock of Helen had perished utterly, forasmuch as she hath caused the loosening of many a man’s knees.” (Odyssey, Book XIV), Later she says to Odysseus: “Nay even Argive Helen, daughter of Zeus, would not have lain with a stranger, and taken him for a lover, had she known that the warlike sons of the Achaeans would bring her home again to her own dear country. alone. Rather she appealed to custom and used her knowledge of custom to influence the suitors. She would have woven articles of clothing and items for the household including drapes, towels, and rugs. In this he accomplished what the suitors of Penelope could not an took control of the Kingdom of Ithaca according to that custom. [1] After falling out with Vincenzo's successor, Duke Francesco Gonzaga, Monteverdi moved to Venice in 1613 and became director of music at St Mark's Basilica, a position he held for the rest of his life. Helen did not leave with Paris until about 1195 BCE. The martial-sounding music which accompanies references to battles and the killing of the suitors, derives from Il combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda, while for the song episodes in Il ritorno Monteverdi draws in part on the techniques which he developed in his 1632 vocal work Scherzi musicale.
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