What more? After Queen Blanche I of Navarre's death in 1441, Navarre was mired in continued disputes over royal succession. Active tourism in the heart of nature. However, another claimant to the throne was stubbornly trying to stop her, John of Foix, Viscount of Narbonne, brother-in-law of the future King Louis XII of France. By the end of December the Castilians were in St-Jean-Pied-de-Port. A series of partitions and dynastic changes led to a diminution of its territory and to periods of rule by the kings of Aragon (1054–1134) and France (1285–1328). [51], Alfonso the Battler (1104–1134), brother of Peter I, secured for the country its greatest territorial expansion. The Church in Navarre became a mainstay of the reactionary Spanish Nationalist uprising against the 2nd Spanish Republic (1936). The Romans took full control of the area by 74 BC, but unlike their northern neighbors, the Aquitanians, and other tribes from the Iberian Peninsula, the Vascones negotiated their status within the Roman Empire. Other former Navarrese territories belong now to several autonomous communities of Spain: the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, La Rioja, Aragon, and Castile and León. However, the progressive, enlightened bourgeois circles strong in Pamplona—and other Basque towns and cities like Donostia—were eventually quelled during the above wars. "Du nouveau sur le royaume de Pampelune au IXe siècle", Évariste Lévi-Provençal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSerrano_Izko2006 (, Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza, Louis XIII of France (Louis II of Navarre), the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Court officials of the Kingdom of Navarre, "Barbarians of Dâr al-Islâm: the Upper March of al-Andalus and the Western Pyrenees in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries", "Definición de espacios y fronteras en los reinos de Asturias-León", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Navarre&oldid=988693428, Former countries on the Iberian Peninsula, States and territories established in the 820s, States and territories disestablished in 1841, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2012, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Following the August 31, 1839, armistice putting an end to the First Carlist War, Navarre remained in a shaky state. Please check the scan for any blemishes prior to making your purchase. He was fourteen years old at the time, and under the regency of his mother Estefanía and his uncles Ferdinand and Ramiro. It is unclear how solidly the Franks exercised control over Pamplona. The See of Pamplona owed its re-establishment to Sancho III, who for this purpose convened a synod at Leyre in 1022 and one at Pamplona in 1023. Fin dagli inizi del secolo si fece luce a Pamplona una potente famiglia, quella degli Arista, che, appoggiandosi abilmente ora ai Franchi ora ai musulmani, ottenne una certa autonomia. Navarre received from King Henry II, the son of Queen Catherine and King John III, a representative assembly, the clergy being represented by the bishops of Bayonne and Dax, their vicars-general, the parish priest of St-Jean-Pied-de-Port, and the priors of Saint-Palais, Utziat and Harambels (Haranbeltz). The suppression of the Duchy of Vasconia as well as the Duchy of Aquitaine by the Carolingians would lead to a rebellion, led by Lupo II of Gascony. Terram quidem Degensem cum opidis cunctam possideuit. The ineffectual Fortún was forced to abdicate in favor of a new dynasty from the vehemently anti-Muslim east of Navarre, the founders of which took a less accommodationist view. Catherine and John III's guardian Magdalena of Valois died in 1495 and John's father Alain I of Albret signed another treaty with Ferdinand, whereby the count of Lerín should abandon Navarre, receiving in compensation real estate and various enclaves in the recently conquered Granada. - Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, Schley, Jakob van der & Bellin, Jacques Nicolas. The Franks renewed their attempts to control the region and in 806 took Navarre under their protection. [62]:15 John II continued to rule as king up to 1479, when Queen Eleanor succeeded him for only 15 days and then died; she left the crown to her grandson, Francis Phoebus, but this inaugurated another period of instability. Sancho III wrote a problematic will, in which he divided his territory into three kingdoms. The Cortes henceforth consisted of the churchmen, the nobles and the representatives of twenty-seven (later thirty-eight) "good towns"—towns which were free of a feudal lord, and, therefore, held directly by the king. Mědiryt, kolor.56,5 x 42 cm na listu 61,5 x 49,5 cmMěřítko [ca 1:400 000]. She remains the only Queen of England who never set foot in England during her reign. In all his actions he performed as a great warrior against the people of the Ismailites; he inflicted multiple disasters on the Saracens. Giacomo de Rossi nella sua Stamperia in Roma alla Pace, all Insegna di Parigi co Priu. Unable to add item to Wish List. The top image on the right hand side shows the entire map. Today, significant parts of the ancient Kingdom of Navarre comprise the Spanish autonomous communities of Navarre, Comunidad Autónoma Vasca and La Rioja and the French community of Pays Basque. Another important population were the francos—mostly French and Gascon immigrants—who inhabited separate quarters in Pamplona and other towns. Historic languages of the Kingdom of Navarre (824–1841): Coordinates: 42°49′01″N 1°38′34″W / 42.81694°N 1.64278°W / 42.81694; -1.64278, Medieval Basque kingdom that occupied the lands around the western Pyrenees, Restoration and the loss of western Navarre, Navarre under the Foix and Albret dynasties, Independent Navarre north of the Pyrenees, The crown and the kingdom: A constitutional foundation. After the French defeat, the only source of support for Navarrese self-government was Ferdinand VII. After the decline of the Western Roman Empire, the Vascones were slow to be incorporated into the Visigothic Kingdom, which was in a civil war that provided the opportunity for the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. During this period, the realm of Navarre-Beárn was defined by Emperor Maximilian I's diplomat Müntzer as a nation like Switzerland. The 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees put an end to the litigation over the definite French-Spanish borders and to any French-Navarrese dynastic claim over Spanish Navarre. Indeed he possessed all the land of Degium [Monjardín, near Lizarra] with its towns. Charles managed, however, to retain the loyalty of his subjects and to preserve the independence of Navarre. Sancho the Great's realm was never again united (until Ferdinand the Catholic): Castile was permanently joined to Leon, whereas Aragon enlarged its territory, joining Catalonia through a marriage. The monarchs Catherine I and John III swore an oath to respect the liberties of Navarre, and the proclamation was celebrated with a week-long festival, while the ceremony was not attended by the Aragonese bishops with jurisdiction in Navarre. In 1589, Henry became the sole rightful claimant to the crown of France, though he was not recognized as such by many of his subjects until his conversion to Catholicism four years later. [21] However, this western region fell under the influence of the Kingdom of Asturias. Il regno di Navarra [cartographic material] 1691. He also annexed Labourd, with its strategic port of Bayonne, but lost its coastal half to the English soon after. [24] Tradition tells he was elected as king of Pamplona in 824, giving rise to a dynasty of kings in Pamplona that would last for eighty years. Asparros was captured, and the army completely defeated. The queen and her mother, Blanche of Artois, sought refuge at the court of King Philip III of France. His son, the future King Philip IV of France, had become engaged to the young sovereign and married her in 1284. The marriage of the Pamplonese king García Sánchez with Andregoto Galíndez, daughter of Galindo Aznárez II, Count of Aragon linked the eastern county to the Kingdom. The latter had acquired all of Aragon, Ribagorza and Sobrarbe on the sudden death of his brother Gonzalo, forming what would become the Kingdom of Aragon. Giacomo de Rossi nella sua Stamperia in Roma alla Pace, all Insegna di Parigi co Priu. Afterward strong French political and institutional influences can be detected. Spain. The only way out the Navarrese found was an increased trade with France, which in turn spurred the importation of bourgeois, modern ideas. As a minor she remained under the guardianship of her mother, Magdalena of Valois, and was sought by Ferdinand the Catholic as a bride. Under the merinos were the sozmerinos and, in the towns, the bailes. Laval RVM, 1990-02. Later, after suppressing all infidels, the twentieth year of his reign he left this world. While at first distracted due to only recently overcoming the Revolt of the Comuneros, the Navarrese-Béarnese army managed to liberate all the Kingdom, but shortly thereafter Asparros faced a large Castilian army at the Battle of Noáin on 30 June 1521. In Allién Puertos, the functions of royal merino (administrative official) were carried out by the castelán of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. In 1508, the Navarrese royal troops finally suppressed a rebellion of the count of Lerin after a long standoff. The Cortes of Navarre began as the king's council of churchmen and nobles, but in the course of the 14th century the burgesses were added. This established a pattern of raids and counter-raids, capturing slaves and treasure, as well as full military campaigns that would restore full Córdoban control with renewed oaths of fidelity. In the Era 944 [AD 905] arose in Pamplona a king named Sancio Garseanis. Dehinc expulsis omnibus biotenatis XX' regni sue anno migrauit a seculo. Today, Navarre is an autonomous community of Spain and Basse-Navarre is part of France's Pyrénées-Atlantiques département. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. [62]:17 The Beaumont party rose up, while the Agramonts split over the marriage. During the late 10th century, Almanzor, the ruler of Al Andalus, frequently led raids against the Christian kingdoms, and attacked the Pamplonese lands on at least nine occasions. [62]:15 The fights involved the high aristocracy and their junior branches, who carried on the feuds of their senior lines and thrived on weak, often absent, royal authority.[63]:252. He left his son, Charles, Prince of Viana, with merely the rank of governor, whereas Queen Blanche I had intended him to succeed her, as was the custom. The chief military officer of the kingdom was the alférez. The Kingdom of Navarre (/nəˈvɑːr/; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.[8][9][10]. Updates? After the capture of Calahorra in 1044, a period peace followed on the southern border and trade was established with Zaragoza. The Agramont party sided with Queen Catherine while most, but not all, of the Beaumont party lords supported the occupiers. His elder sister Berengaria, Queen of England, had died childless some years earlier. Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre during Sancho VI of Navarre, Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Navarre, 1234-1580, Royal Badge of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre, Standard of the Medieval Monarchs of Navarre since 1212. Leggi, ecc. The rest of the territory was given to his widow Muniadona to split among all the legitimate sons: thus García Sánchez III also received the territory to the northeast from the County of Castile (La Bureba, Montes de Oca) and the County of Álava. Search our webstore for old prints & old maps, town plans, city plans, wine maps, atlas maps, military maps and campaign plans, sea charts, star charts, travel maps and antique views. [27][22] In 841, in concert with Musa ibn Musa, Íñigo rebelled and though Musa was eventually forced to submit, Íñigo was still in rebellion at the time of his death in 851/2. After the death of his mother in 1058, Sancho IV lost the support of the local nobility, and the relations between them worsened after he became allied with Ahmad al-Muqtadir, ruler of Zaragoza. While this episode of the civil war came to an end, it inaugurated a period of instability including on-off periods of struggle and uprisings all the way to the Spanish conquest (1512). You're listening to a sample of the Audible audio edition. García Sánchez's heir, Sancho II (970–994), set up his half brother, Ramiro Garcés of Viguera, to rule in the short-lived Kingdom of Viguera. [11][12] In an event traditionally dated to 824, Íñigo Arista was elected or declared ruler of the area around Pamplona in opposition to Frankish expansion into the region, originally as vassal to the Córdoba Emirate. Keep your little bookworms engaged outside of the classroom with our selection of the very best literary adaptations. The death of Almanzor in 1002 and his successor Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in 1008 caused the decline of the Caliphate of Córdoba and the progress of the County of Castile south, while Pamplona, led by Sancho Garcés III, strengthen the position of his kingdom on the borderlands of the Taifa of Zaragoza, controlling the territories of Loarre, Funes, Sos, Uncastillo, Arlas, Caparroso and Boltaña. There were two more attempts at liberation in 1516 and 1521, both supported by popular rebellion, especially the second one. Jeanne also declared Calvinism to be the official religion of Navarre. When Labourd and Upper Navarre were shaken by the Basque witch trials between 1609 and 1613, many sought refuge in Lower Navarre. The Historia General de Navarra by Jaime del Burgo says that on the occasion of the donation of the villa of Alastue by the king of Pamplona to the monastery of San Juan de la Peña in 987, he styled himself "King of Navarre", the first time that title had been used. Ferdinand also pushed for the introduction of the coercive cross-border tribunal, the Inquisition, which the Navarrese hated, but, under pressure from the Aragonese monarch, the doors of Navarre (Tudela) finally opened to the Church institution between 1486 and 1488, pushed by the Aragonese monarch's threats. Sancho the Great was brought up at Leyre, which was also for a short time the capital of the Diocese of Pamplona. Even in the 18th century the Navarrese successfully resisted Bourbon attempts to establish custom houses on the French frontier,[14] dividing French from Spanish Navarre. The "Arba" of Pamplona he submitted to his law, and conquered as well all the country of Aragon [then Jaca and nearby lands] with its fortresses. If you'd like us to send you updates of new stock of antique maps & prints, sign up to our free newsletter today! Amazon.com: Il Regno di Navarra. It thus confirmed the permanent loss of the Bureba and Rioja areas for the Navarrese. During their retreat, they destroyed the city walls of Pamplona to weaken the city and avoid a possible rebellion,[18] reminiscent of the approach the Carolingians had used elsewhere against Christian cities that seemed content to live under Córdoban control.[19]. The Spanish monarch was represented by a viceroy, who could object to the decisions made in the Navarrese context. [16] Burial ornamentation shows strong contacts with the Merovingian France and the Gascons of Aquitaine, but also items with Islamic inscriptions, while a Muslim cemetery in Pamplona, the use of which spanned several generations, suggests the presence of a Muslim garrison in the decades following the Arab invasion.[17]. The Spanish Inquisition was extended into Navarre. This was a small region between Labourd and Béarn whose capital was at Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. The city was allowed to remain Christian and have its own administration but had to pay the traditional taxes to the Emirate,[25] including the jizya assessed on non-Muslims living under their control. To increase reserves in war, later kings (notably Charles II) enlisted large numbers of foreign knights and their retinues as mesnaderos. We sell only original historic maps & prints; we don't sell modern reproductions. The Corte General of Navarre controlled, in theory, not only extraordinary subsidies (pedidos) but also ordinary taxation. The territory formerly known as Navarre now belongs to two nations, Spain and France, depending on whether it lies south or north of the Western Pyrenees. He sent an army led by the counts Aeblus and Aznar Sanchez (the latter being appointed lord, but not duke, of Vasconia by Pepin after suppressing the uprising in the Duchy), accomplishing their goals with no resistance in Pamplona (which still lacked walls after the 778 destruction). Ritiratisi i Franchi dalla Spagna, Pamplona si appoggiò alla monarchia asturiana (sec. Louis's son Pepin, then King of Aquitaine, stamped out the Vasconic revolt in Gascony then hunted the chieftains who had taken refuge in southern Vasconia, i.e., Pamplona and Navarre, no longer controlled by the Franks. [26] Íñigo Arista is mentioned in Arab records as sâhib (lord) or amîr of the Vascones (bashkunish) and not as malik (king) or tâgiya (tyrant) used for the kings of Asturias and France, indicating the lower status of these ulûj (barbarians, not accepting Islam) within the Córdoba sphere. García continued to rule under the tutelage of his mother, Sancho's widow Toda Aznarez, who also engineered several political marriages with the other Christian kingdoms and counties of northern Iberia. The king wielded the flag of the ancient régime, as opposed to the liberal Constitution of Cádiz (1812), which ignored the Navarrese and Basque fueros and any different identities in Spain, or the "Spains", as it was considered before the 19th century. [38] During the first years of his reign the Kingdom was ruled by his cousins Sancho and García of Viguera until the year 1004, when Sancho III would become ruling king, mentored by his mother Jimena Fernández. In the 15th century, another dynastic dispute over control by the king of Aragon led to internal divisions and the eventual conquest of the southern part of the kingdom by Ferdinand the Catholic in 1512 (permanently in 1524). [14] The independence of the burgesses was better secured in Navarre than in other parliaments of Spain by the constitutional rule which required the consent of a majority of each order to every act of the Cortes. His deceased younger sister Blanca, countess of Champagne, had left a son, Theobald IV of Champagne. Prime members enjoy unlimited free, fast delivery on eligible items, video streaming, ad-free music, exclusive access to deals & more. By 718, Pamplona had formed a pact that allowed a wide degree of autonomy in exchange for military and political subjugation, along with the payment of tribute to Córdoba. After the death of Sancho II and during the reign of García Sánchez II, Pamplona was attacked by the Caliphate on several occasions, being completely destroyed in 999,[36] the King himself killed during a raid in the year 1000. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kingdom-of-Navarre, Spain Then and Now - Pamplona. He had named as heir his next sister, Queen Blanche II, but she was immediately imprisoned by John II and died in 1464. The whole kingdom was mountainous except for the Tudela salient in the southeast, where the dry plains called Las Bardenas provided an important grazing region. Laws, etc. In 966, clashes between the Islamic factions and the Kingdom resulted in the loss of Calahorra and the valley of the river Cidacos. Alava was made a county, Biscay a lordship and Gipuzkoa just a province. His daughter, Queen Joan I, ascended as a minor and the country was once again invaded from all sides. In exchange, Alain made an array of painful concessions: Ferdinand received the count of Lerín's patrimony and gained control of important fortresses across Navarre, including the right to keep a garrison in Olite at the heart of the kingdom. Though Navarre ceased to have a frontier with the Moors at a relatively early date, a considerable Moorish population lived there, notably in Tudela. As a reward for its support in the Spanish Civil War, Franco allowed Navarre, as it happened with Álava, to maintain some prerogatives reminiscent of the ancient Navarrese liberties. In 1407 the merindad of Olite was added. It also analyses reviews to verify trustworthiness. Sancho the Strong was abroad in Tlemcen (modern Algeria) seeking support to counter the Castilian push, by opening a second front. [64]:16 In the same treaty, Ferdinand renounced war on Navarre or Béarn from Castile, but the attempt to restore royal authority and patrimony met with the resistance of the defiant count of Lerin, Louis of Beaumont, whose estates were confiscated. Being childless, he willed his realm to the military orders, particularly the Templars. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. The kingdom originated in the southern side of the western Pyrenees, in the flatlands around the city of Pamplona. The Navarrese Moors were allowed to serve in the army and provided an important source of skilled artisans. Il Regno di Navarra [The Kingdom of Navarre]. Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Giacomo Cantelli da Vignola, PROVENANCE: "Mercurio Geografico overo Guida Geografica in tutte le tavole geografiche del Sansone Baudrand e Cantelli", data in luce con direttione, e cura di Gio. They included, at times, the kings of France themselves. He reformed the government, built canals, and made the tributaries of the Ebro flowing through Navarre navigable. Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Navarre was complicated. Catholicism and traditionalism became major driving forces behind Navarrese politics. This, and the resentment felt at the loss of their autonomy when they were incorporated into Spain in 1833[citation needed], account for the strong support given by many Navarrese to the Carlist cause. [29][30] The primitive Navarre may have comprised the valleys of Goñi, Gesalaz, Lana, Allin, Deierri, Berrueza and Mañeru, which later formed the merindad of Estella. In 1207, an arrangement in Guadalajara between both kings sealed a 5-year truce over the occupied territories; still Castile kept a fait accompli policy.[61]. By 1200 the conquest of western Navarre was complete. The somewhat ambiguous international status of Navarre was reflected in its coinage: apart from local currency, French, Gascon, and Aragonese money circulated freely. Spanish Navarre retained its status, institutions, and law as an independent kingdom until the 19th century. Now we'll tell you why, while we take you through Navarra starting in the north and moving south. Some historians believe that this suggests that it included the Western Basque Country as well: In era DCCCCXLIIII surrexit in Panpilona rex nomine Sancio Garseanis. Under him and his immediate successors Navarre reached the height of its power. [52], The 1127 Peace of Támara delimited the territorial domains of the Castilian and Aragonese realms, the latter including Pamplona. Thus the Kingdom of Navarre, though the crown was still claimed by the kings of Aragon, passed by marriage[14] to the House of Champagne, firstly to the heirs of Blanca, who were simultaneously counts of Champagne and Brie, with the support of the Navarrese Parliament (Cortes). García Ramírez, known as the Restorer, is the first King of Navarre to use such a title. NOW 50% OFF! Finally, following a short period of peace with Ferdinand after a treaty was signed, in January 1494 the coronation of the royal family took place in Pamplona. View production, box office, & company info, The filmography of the last 20 deceased Oscar nominated actors and actresses, Peplum Paradise Part 6: Historical and Fantasy films - Pre-1949. Since the rest of Navarre was in Spanish hands, the kings of Spain would also use the title of King of Navarre, and continue to do so. In 1450, John II himself came back to Navarre, and, urged on by his ambitious second wife Juana Enriquez, endeavoured to obtain the succession for their son Ferdinand. You're viewing this item in the new Europeana website. Neither of these kings would make significant territorial expansion. Castile allowed these territories (with the exceptions of Treviño and Oñati, which were directly ruled from Castile) the right to keep their traditional customs and laws (viz., Navarrese law), which came to be known as fueros. The south-western tip of Navarre—the Sonsierra (Oyon, Laguardia, in present-day Álava), and Los Arcos—was occupied by Henry IV of Castile. García and Ramiro's alliance with Ramon Berenguer, the Count of Barcelona, was effective to keep the Muslim Taifa of Zaragoza at bay. After taking the political power from Fortún Garcés, Sancho Garcés (905–925), son of Dadilde, sister of Raymond I, Count of Pallars and Ribagorza, proclaimed himself king,[32] terminating the alliance with the Emirate of Córdoba and expanding its domains through the course of the River Ega all the way south to the Ebro and taking the regions of Nájera and Calahorra, which caused the decline of the Banu Qasi family, who ruled these lands. By the War of the Pyrenees and the Peninsular War, Navarre was in a deep crisis over the Spanish royal authority, involving the Spanish prime minister Manuel Godoy, who bitterly opposed the Basque charters and their autonomy, and maintained high duty exactions on the Ebro customs against the Navarrese, and the Basques as a whole. After this failure, the Navarrese Cortes (Parliament) had no option but pledge loyalty to King Ferdinand of Aragon. Navarre. [41] Thus, the Kingdom of Pamplona comprised a territory of 15,000 km² between Pamplona, Nájera and Aragón with vassals of Pamplonese and Aragonese origin.[40]. [48] On 4 June 1076, a conspiracy involving Sancho IV's brother Ramón and sister Ermesinda ended with the murder of the king. Their relations with the native Navarrese population were often strained. His cognomen “the Bad” was inspired by the brazen way in which he constantly altered Navarrese foreign policy to meet rapidly changing foreign pressures. [14] On his death, Sancho divided his possessions among his four sons. In 1484 the throne passed to John II of Albret, but independence had now become impossible on account of Navarre’s position between two major and mutually hostile states, France and Spain. The French portion of Navarre, on the northern slope of the western Pyrenees, remained a separate kingdom until 1589, when it was incorporated into France. In October 1512, the legitimate King John III returned with an army recruited north of the Pyrenees and attacked Pamplona without success. Large Jewish aljamas (congregations) existed in the chief towns and were protected by the Navarrese kings when persecution became serious elsewhere. The chief pilgrim roads from the north to Santiago de Compostela thus traversed it. Following the traditional succession customs, the first-born son of Sancho III, García Sánchez III, received the title and lands of the Kingdom of Pamplona, which included the territory of Pamplona, Nájera and parts of Aragon. Out of the pattern of competing Frankish and Córdoban interests, the Basque chieftain Íñigo Arista took power. After his release, Charles sought the assistance of King Charles VII of France and his uncle Alfonso V (who resided in Naples), but in vain. The bishops of Dax and Bayonne (in Gascony), Tarazona (Aragon), and Calahorra (Castile) had, or claimed, authority over outlying regions. Read Regno Di Navarra book reviews & author details and more at Amazon.in. Tudela and other cities also declared their loyalty to the House of Albret. Still, in 1510 the authorities of Tudela decreed the expulsion of the monk "calling himself inquisitor." Navarre's specific status during Franco's regime led to the present-day Chartered Community of Navarre during the Spanish transition to democracy (the so-called Amejoramiento, 1982).
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